Lifespan extension and delay of age-related functional decline caused by Rhodiola roseadepends on dietary macronutrient balance

Table 1 Lifespan trials of the control flies and flies fed diets supplemented with R. rosea rhizome

Sex	R. rosearhizome concentration (mg/ml)	Median lifespan (days)	Degree of median lifespan extension or reduction (%)	Maximum lifespan (days)
Females
	0 (control)	44		61.3 ± 0.5
	2.5	47	+6.8	59.5 ± 0.7
	5.0	50*	+13.6	63.4 ± 0.6**
	10.0	50*	+13.6	63.7 ± 0.5**
	30.0	40*	−9.1	53.8 ± 0.4**
Males
	0 (control)	42		60.3 ± 0.6
	2.5	43	+2.4	56.7 ± 0.6
	5.0	49*	+16.7	64.3 ± 0.5**
	10.0	48*	+14.3	63.9 ± 0.4**
	30.0	37*	−11.9	50.4 ± 0.8**

*Significantly different (P < 0.05) from control group as evaluated by Wilcoxon rank sum test. **Significantly different in comparison with control according two-way analysis of variance for normal data with Bonferroni correction.